Gemstones are the most beautiful and precious kind of rock. For us, precious stones and precious things are just a simple objective understanding. Let's take a look at the gem knowledge. Gemstones have a very important and peculiar position in minerals. They are the raw materials for the production of various jewellery and art. When people only use stones as an axe as a knife, people begin to use gems. Primitives often look for colorful gems to wear on their bodies. Colorful gemstone ornaments are proof that ancient people used gemstones. As we all know, gold was circulated as money in ancient times. In fact, gems are the same. Gems and gold are both small in size and high in value. In today's highly civilized society, gems still have extraordinary economic and cultural significance. Gemstones are unique in mineral deposits. Gem processing companies rely on gemstones to produce and process all kinds of jewelry and jewelry. Gemstones are highly ornamental, as many of them are colorful and radiant, with special optical properties. The perfect quality gemstone is exceptionally hard, only a little softer than diamonds, with a hardness of 6 or more, which is resistant to acid and alkali corrosion. But there has never been a generic name to summarize these beautiful gemstone deposits. Some people call the transparent gemstone stone a gemstone with its own color, and the opaque rough stone is called a colored stone. Because the gems are natural, the two names have the same meaning. The name color stone is more general and simple, but it is not appropriate for the transparent colorless rough. Color stone has many characteristics. First, colored stones include many kinds of ores, and the composition and origin of these ores are different. At present, there are about 200 kinds of raw materials used in the gem industry. Because of the discovery of some high-value ores such as zatra, the types are still growing. The value of a colored stone is mainly determined by its wide distribution. As the saying goes, things are rare, even if the colored stones are beautiful, they are widely distributed and the value is not high. For example, the iridescent labradorite is like this. It used to be a gemstone and was of high value. But one day people found a lot of mineral resources in Canada and Ukraine. This ore became a common stone. Similarly, agate has had such a situation. The reputation of colored stones also plays a big role. Some newly developed or unfamiliar colored stones such as chrome diopside, even if they are rare, will not sell for a good price. Everyone knows, and the rare five gems are diamonds, emeralds, opals, rubies and sapphires. In addition to these precious stones, other gems are ordinary gems. At present, there are more than 2,000 kinds of natural ore identified by the appraisal department, but there are less than 100 kinds of gemstones, among which are the 16 most important gemstones. Most people make commercial names in transactions. The business name is named after the origin and the color stone that is familiar and of higher value, such as the Pakistani emerald (that is, the green calcium garnet produced in Pakistan). Some colored stones also have certain geographical distribution and religious cultural characteristics. For example, Chinese people like nephrite and jade, Indians like rubies and agate. Because gemstone production has very complex and special properties, and the color stone materials are unevenly distributed, it is often mined and processed in both places. Color stone mining centers are generally located in Zaire, South Africa, Botswana, Madagascar, Brazil, Colombia, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Australia, etc., while the processing centers are the Netherlands, Israel (mainly diamonds), the United States, West Germany, Italy. . Color stones are divided into gemstones and jade and a class of gemstones/jades between the two and are sorted by price according to international standards. Gemstones are usually transparent and can be accurately identified after processing, in carats (one carat = 0.2 g), while the most basic gemstones in quality are in grams. There are also many different types of gemstones. The rare treasures such as the five gemstones are usually national treasures. They all have their own proprietary names, with their own history and high prices. Ordinary gems vary greatly depending on the type, while the same jewel is the larger the gems and the higher the price. Some ore containing inclusions in nature are also gemstones, such as star-shaped rubies and sapphires with star effect. The sapphire effect of the sapphire effect contains a large number of hornblende inclusions, which can result in an opal on a golden or green background. Gemstones/jades and jade are generally mineral aggregates with beautiful colors. This property is prominent after polishing, so jade should be easy to polish, so it should have a uniform fine grain structure. Gemstones/Jade and jade, unlike gemstones, are generally opaque. Gemstones/Jadestones are a rare and rare hard ore that is expensive and close to the price of a four-grade gemstone. Some of them are very rare and can be said to be gemstones. Some of these transparent ores, such as colorless crystals, are cheap because they are common. Gem/Jade has a high artistic value. Its quality can be reliably determined according to the original stone, in kilograms. Jade is an important raw material for ordinary carvings and high-grade building materials. It is generally divided into hard jade and soft jade. Hard jade is mainly composed of quartz-based mineral aggregates such as obsidian, while soft jade is a mineral with silicon as an aggregate, such as marble. Processing colored stones is a very important and complicated process. The main approvals are as follows: Try to retain the maximum weight of the raw materials, eliminate or disguise the original defects, consider the pleochroism of the original stone, make the gem shine or make the color thicker. Many colored stones, even if they are not processed, or are in the form of single crystals, crystal clusters and ore nuggets, are very beautiful. They can be used as excellent specimens. Gems, especially good quality gemstones, are of high value, so the market's spontaneity has prompted some unscrupulous traders to counterfeit and artificially improve gemstones. Artificial improvement refers to the use of electron flow, gamma ray, etc., which is a change in the quality of gemstones and changes in the color of gemstones. This method has been widely used and is still considered a natural gem after improvement. There is also a use of various substances to soak the gemstones to change the color of the gemstone. Some colored stones can be formed into large pieces of gemstones by pressing, etc., but they are much less valuable than natural ones. Synthetic gemstones currently play a large role in the gem industry. Artificial corundum can easily blend with other refractory ores. This can be dyed into some gemstones, such as the five gems. In this way, a lot of new decorative materials, such as garnet, which are not found in nature, can be synthesized. High-temperature, high-pressure, alkaline aqueous solutions can be used to produce transparent, colorful quartz crystals, including amethysts like natural minerals. The emerald can be made by hydrothermal method. Gilson Laboratories in France has also produced gem-quality opals and turquoise stones. But no one can make decorative diamonds. Although it is possible to synthesize small-grain diamonds in ultra-high pressure graphite, the cost is much higher than the profit. Synthetic gemstones are produced in large quantities, and in some places synthetic gemstones have replaced natural gemstones. At present, only the artificial emeralds and precious opals are left at high prices. Imitations are cheap precious gems posing as precious stones, such as colorless zircon imitation diamonds. There are also many products that use glass or crystal to bond with a real gemstone to add weight to the gemstone and then into the frame. The distribution of colored stones in the world is very uneven. As we all know, South Africa produces diamonds. In fact, 98% of the world's diamonds come from South Africa, where there are not only diamonds, but also emeralds, amethysts and other deposits. There are ruby ​​emerald deposits in Asia. Australia has 95% of the world's precious protein and the sapphire deposit is very large. North America has mineral deposits of turquoise, tourmaline and nephrite. South America has emeralds, beryl, topaz, agate, and amethyst. In the article, we said that the gemstone has special characteristics, so the gem industry's quality requirements are relative. People often think that the quality of the gemstone is not perfect, but the quality is not good, but it is often subjective and chopping, because it sometimes makes the color stone more beautiful, and it must be natural. If the ideal gem is flawless, pure and free of impurities, then look for the rough of the world's most famous deposit as a "sampling template." I believe that so many introductions have a better understanding of the gem. 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