Since the beginning of civilization, to date, the Chinese jade has undergone various changes, and under the careful craftsmanship of countless skilled craftsmen, it has developed into an artistic treasure with profound cultural heritage and distinctive national characteristics. The national sentiments of Chinese Chongyu and Aiyu are deeply rooted, and jade has been deeply integrated into Chinese traditional culture and ritual customs. Jade carving art is one of the most fascinating Chinese traditional handicrafts, and also a precious heritage in the treasure house of Chinese national culture. Chinese jade carving is unique in the world of jade craftsmanship, shining with brilliance! Qin and Han Dynasties "Six Kings, Four Seas One", in 221 BC, Qin Shihuang unified the six countries and established the first unified feudal state in Chinese history. Although there were terracotta warriors and horses known as the eighth wonder of the world in the Qin Dynasty, unfortunately, jade wares were rarely unearthed, and they were not emperor jade. Their typicality is not enough. The art of jade carving in the Qin Dynasty also depends on the new discoveries of underground archaeology. Chinese jade developed into the Han Dynasty and entered the third peak period. The Han Dynasty was a golden age in Chinese history, with social stability and strong national strength. It was also a period of prosperity and development in the history of Chinese jade, and the jade culture was flourishing. The Western Han Dynasty continued the characteristics of the Spring and Autumn Warring States, and the change was not too big. The tradition of the Western Han Dynasty jade in the Eastern Han Dynasty slightly changed, adding a strong decorative color, and the ups and downs of the Western Han Dynasty have been difficult to reproduce. , Yan Yan and so on inscribed jade. Han jade is rich in variety, numerous in quantity and exquisite in processing technology. According to its social function and use, it can be divided into four categories: Li Yu, Funeral Jade, Decorative Jade and Furnishing Jade. In the Han Dynasty, the jade was reduced, while the decorative jade and the funeral jade increased greatly, and the jade utensils also had a larger development. Among them, the most embodying the characteristics of the jade in the Han Dynasty and the level of carving craftsmanship are the jade and the jade. The world-famous Jinyu Yuyi is the so-called funeral jade, and the jade jade is more able to reflect the craftsmanship of Hanyu. The three-dimensional sculptures such as jade galloping horse, jade bear, jade eagle, and jade evil spirits condense the art of the Han Dynasty. style. The jade carving techniques of the Han Dynasty have become increasingly diverse, and the hidden and hollowing techniques are very skillful and popular. High reliefs and round carvings have also been widely used. The thick and thin lines are used in the characteristics of the jade carvings of the Han Dynasty. The evolution from the Yin line to the hairs is an important symbol of the jade carvings of the Han Dynasty. "Han Ba ​​Knife" is also famous for its concise carving style, especially represented by Yu Wenzhong, Yuxi and Jade Pig, which has become a major feature of the jade carving in the Han Dynasty. Xia Shang Zhou period Xia is the first slave country in Chinese history. According to ancient literature, Xia Dynasty is a country that advocates jade civilization. As the jade of the first dynasty of Chinese civil society, it is a historical summary of the inheritance of prehistoric jade. On the basis of the overall simple and solemn style, it innovates the shape, ornamentation and style of some artifacts; on the other hand, it is the jade of Shang Dynasty. The development of the foundation laid a new era for the aesthetic characteristics of the jade in the new era, and played a role in the past and the future. The Erlitou culture jade that is currently known is the representative form of the Xia Dynasty jade. Jade carving is one of the important handicrafts in the Yin and Shang Dynasties. From the aspects of the design and artistic style of the unearthed jade, its achievements are no less than the bronzes known in the Shang Dynasty. Application bronze tools in the process of jade, the jade carving technique significantly improved the Shang Dynasty jade craft sophisticated in style, carving, polishing, etc., and there are many innovative breakthroughs. There were not many jade articles discovered in the early Shang Dynasty. There were jade, shovel, shovel, kiln, shovel, knife, and scorpion jade. The variety was small and the tanning system was rough. In the late Shang Dynasty, the jade was represented by the jade unearthed from the Yinxu Women's Tomb in Anyang. The social function of the Shang Dynasty jade has changed a lot. At this time, the jade began to turn into play, and only more than half of the decorative jade. The most amazing thing is that the Shang Dynasty has emerged as the earliest jade jade in China, Yuxi, and began to have a large number of round sculptures. It can be said that the Shang jade carving process has reached a new peak. The Zhou Dynasty was a powerful slavery country after the Shang Dynasty and a patriarchal society with a strict class. The Zhou Dynasty paid great attention to the establishment of the ritual system. Therefore, the jade articles of Zhou Dynasty deviated from the development track of the jade articles of Shang Dynasty and developed towards the etiquette jade. The style of heavy jade in the Zhou Dynasty is extremely prosperous, and the skills of the jade jade are constantly improved, making the objects beautiful. In terms of workmanship, in addition to inheriting the Shang Dynasty double hook line, it also created a rough side of the slope line jade jade skills. In general, the Western Zhou jade does not have the lively and diverse jade articles of Shang Dynasty. Most of them are mainly in the shape of a piece, and there are few round carvings. They are too regular and slightly dull. This is not unrelated to the strict patriarchal and ritual system of the Western Zhou Dynasty. In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, which lasted for more than 500 years, political lords contend for hegemony, and hundreds of academic and cultural fields contend. As iron tools replaced bronze tools, the development of productivity was greatly promoted. The jade handicraft industry also experienced a turning point in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The production process was exquisite and extraordinary, and the jade carving art was brilliant. Spring and Autumn Period, a lot of input and nephrite Central Plains, scholars who study the Hetian jade ritual and combine research with and nephrite to reflect Iders, formation and development of jade culture of Chinese jade carving is the theoretical basis for enduring, is China 7000 people love spiritual pillar of jade fashion. Jade Spring and Autumn period of time by the plane of the Western Zhou Dynasty, simplicity, hidden from the general application of the technology, the evolution of complex direction, the development of the Warring States period, jade treatment technology is more mature, engraving, embossing and other techniques, remarkable Marquis Yi of Zeng tomb unearthed multi-section Dragon and Phoenix wear, Henan Huixian solid Wei royal village unearthed a large Yu Huang Pei, are reflected in the level of technology Warring States jade difficult. Spring and Autumn Period, ritual jade become rare, Pei-yu increased, there is a common jade Cong, Juan, bi, bracelet, ring, sword decorations, accessories, etc., of which the largest dragon-shaped Bi and accessories, in addition to jade belt hook, Yuxi And a variety of funerary jade and so on From the level of craftsmanship, the Warring States jade is the most exquisite era in the history of ancient Chinese jade crafts. Prehistoric period The Chinese jade has a long history. As early as in the Paleolithic Age, the Chinese nation appeared jade utensils. However, the original ancestors did not treat it differently from ordinary stone. This period was also called the “Jade and Stone Coexistence Eraâ€. In the late Neolithic period, jade articles gradually separated from stone tools and embarked on the process of independent development in technology and art. During this period, China entered the first stage of jade manufacturing. Exquisite jade articles are unearthed in the ruins of Hemudu Culture, Dawenkou Culture, Liangzhu Culture, Hongshan Culture and Longshan Culture. Among them, jade articles unearthed from Liangzhu Culture and Hongshan Culture are the most eye-catching. It can be said that the foundation of jade culture is precisely the birth and lay in the distant prehistoric times. 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